[社会] 举报精神病有奖了？（双语）

　　日前，四川成都双流区卫计局在微博上公布了一项新政策，鼓励市民举报精神病患者，举报一个奖励50元，确诊后再加300元，同时还附上一份列有十一种现象的“症状清单”，满足其中任何一个症状的人都可以被举报到卫生部门。消息一出，引发巨大争议，有人抨击这一政策严重侵犯了个人隐私。那么究竟是不是这样呢？

　　Health authorities in Chengdu, Southwest China's Sichuan Province has released an announcement on its official Weibo account, encouraging local residents to report any signs of people behaving abnormally to receive a reward of 50 yuan ($7.50) and an additional 300 yuan if the person is later diagnosed with mental health problems.However, the policy has been slammed for violating privacy.

　　双流区的官方微博还公布了十一条判定标准帮助市民发现身边精神不正常的患者。其中包括曾经因病住进精神病院的；说话逻辑混乱胡言乱语的；经常乱砸东西，并在清醒时攻击他人的；疑心过重，和过分冷漠，少言寡语，等等。

　　另外，经常大声自言自语，大吵大闹，无故不上学或不工作，在公共场合裸露身体衣冠不整，以及用自杀威胁他人或自残的人，也包括在疑似精神病的行列之中。

　　The Weibo posts also offer 11 standards by which to judge whether a person may be mentally ill. The list suggests paying extra attention to those who have been previously hospitalized for mental illness, as well as those who speak nonsensically. Those who often smash things or attack others while sober are also on the list, along with people who are excessively suspicious and those who are exceptionally silent.

　　The abnormal behaviors also include speaking loudly to oneself, brawling, not attending school or work without reason, being undressed in public places, threatening to commit suicide or harming oneself.

　　官方微博表示，如发现有上述症状的疑似患者，市民可以向当地政府部门，物业管理人员进行举报。

　　People can make their reports to health officials, local government officials or real estate property management employees, according to the Weibo posts.

　　卫生部门还表示，市民在获得举报奖励后需签署保密协议。

　　The health bureau also said that informers should sign confidentiality agreements after they receive a reward.

　　那么，这一政策的出台究竟是出于什么目的呢？

　　1. Why do health authorities start the move?

　　1）首先，这一政策最大的作用就是协助医疗部门，早发现，早治疗。Early treatment

　　成都卫生局负责人告诉记者，这一行动和政策致力于尽早发现潜在的精神病患者，使他们尽快得到更好的治疗。

　　Feng Changfu, the Chengdu health bureau's Party chief, told the Chengdu Business Daily that the move aims to identify more mentally ill people as early as possible in order to allow them to receive better treatment.

　　在初期阶段保护精神病患者，并对其提供治疗是政府的职责所在。这一举措不光会帮助精神病患者这一弱势群体，更会造福于整个社会。

　　To screen mental patients at an early period and provide treatment is the government's responsibility. It protects and helps not only this particular disadvantaged group, but also the entire society.

　　2）病患家属刻意隐藏事实.Families want to keep the fact in the closet

　　政府部门表示，这一政策旨在发现精神病患者并给予他们补助金和医疗帮助。事实上许多精神病患者家庭都会刻意隐瞒患者的真实情况，从而导致患者无法获得应有的补助与治疗。

　　An official said that the rewards system aims to locate mental patients so they can receive subsidiesfor treatment. This is necessary because many families try to cover up the mental illness of relatives.

　　3）这一政策的出台更是为了防止患有严重精神病的患者做出暴力危险举动，害人害己。

　　To prevent violent behavior of people with severe mental disorders

　　截至去年，据统计中国大约有超过1.8亿左右的精神病患者。而其中将近1.6亿的患者从没有接受过任何专业的医学治疗。据广州日报报道，目前登记在册的严重精神病患者有4800万名。

　　China was estimated to have about 180 million people suffering from mental illnesses in 2015. Nearly 160 million people with mental illness have never received any professional treatment.The number of registered patients with severe mental disorders was 4.8 million, Guangzhou Daily reported.

　　既然这一政策旨在帮助更多的精神病人，那么为何会饱受争议呢？

　　2. Why is the policy controversial?

　　反对这一政策的首要考虑就是个人隐私

　　1）Privacy issue

　　江苏省西南大学法律专家表示，这一政策侵犯了个人隐私，因此它是违法的。专家表示：“这项政策本就是荒唐而自相矛盾的。既然你鼓励患者的邻里都去举报他们，那还如何做到保护他们的隐私呢？”

　　Zhang Zanning, an expert in law at Southeast University in East China's Jiangsu Province, says that the policy is illegal because it violates people's privacy. "It is ridiculous and self-contradictory. How could you protect patients' privacy while encouraging their neighbors to report them?" Zhang said.

　　事实上当今社会仍有许多人认为患有精神疾病是难以启齿的。一些病人希望对外保密自己的病情。但是，这种举报机制极有可能将患者的个人信息公开，并侵犯他们的个人隐私。目前，普通大众对精神病患者还是抱有较为严重的歧视的。许多公司都拒绝接受精神病患者。

　　Now many people still think mental illnesses are embarrassing diseases. Some patients want to keep their sickness as a secret. However, this reporting system might reveal their information and violate their privacy. Social discrimination is still very serious. Many employers refuse to hire these patients too.

　　评定标准自相矛盾

　　2）The criteria itself is controversial

　　专家表示，卫生部门公开的十一条评判标准根本不是正确鉴定精神病患的方法，由于缺乏精确的数量标准，这些准则很难协助确诊。

　　According to Zhang, the 11 behaviors mentioned by the health department are not good ways to recognize mental illness, which is difficult to diagnose due to a lack of quantitative criteria.

　　虽然也有网友表示支持这项举报政策，但更多人对这项政策仍是存有顾虑，比如一些人就指出，所给出的十一条标准太过模糊。还有人表示单单凭借这十一条标准去衡量，很有可能导致误诊。

　　While many Net users supported the policy, many also expressed concerns, saying that the list of behaviors is too vague. Some even worried about being mistakenly identified as mentally ill based on the 11 criteria.

　　这项政策可能误导公众，使人们产生误解

　　3）Misunderstanding of the public

　　首先，并不是所有精神病患者都是危险的，许多患者其实并不会伤害他人，妨碍社会。如果患者自身病情不严重，不想接受治疗，那么除非得到了权威机构的许可，任何人都没有权利逼迫他们。

　　Many mental patients are not harmful to the society at all. If they are not seriously ill and don’t want a treatment, no one has the right to force them to unless they have an authoritative permission.

　　那么这项“饱受争议”的政策是否应该有所改变呢？

　　3. What to do? Should they change the way?

　　1）首先，政府和有关机构应向大众普及精神疾病相关知识，使群众了解到患有精神疾病并不可耻。并且呼吁群众早发现，早治疗。

　　To popularize the knowledge of mental diseases and help the public to realize these are not shameful illnesses and if they get one, they have to get treatment as soon as possible.

　　2）治疗应在获得患者本人的同意，或患者监护人同意的前提下进行。

　　The treatment should be permitted by patients themselves or their guardians.

　　3）症状是否符合精神病范围，应由专业人员来进行判定。

　　The assessment should be done by professional people.

　　4）另外，应建立独立的监管监督部门。

　　There should be an independent supervising department.

　　专家还表示，定期服药的确可以有效控制病情，但是很多家庭目前还难以负荷高昂的费用。专家建议政府部门应向精神病患者，尤其针对病情严重的患者，提供一定的免费药品。

　　Experts agree regularly taking medicine can effectively reduce disease recurrence, but many families could not afford it. They suggest governments should offer free medicines to patients especially those with serious disease.

　　最后：

　　有人认为，成都双流政府这种“群众运动式举报”不过是为了“方便管理”而已。

　　“举报奖励50（元），确诊再加300（元）”的鼓励政策，很明显就是为了调动群众的积极性。但是这样的治理方式存在很多弊端，背离法治精神不说，还容易形成无序的状态。

　　Some people think that this kind of policy is just to facilitate management of government. And the reward system is just aim at bring the initiative of the masses. However, it cannot solve the problem fundamentally, and also has many disadvantages.

　　This policy not merely departure from our essential spirit of the law, but may also cause disorder in society.

　　Chinese Source：中国产业信息研究网

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