[社会] 全面二孩元旦实施，永别了晚婚晚育(双语)

　　第十二届全国人大常委会第十八次会议27日表决通过了关于修改人口与计划生育法的决定，将于2016年1月1日起施行，明确提出国家提倡一对夫妻生育两个子女。今年10月29日，十八届五中全会指出，促进人口均衡发展，坚持计划生育的基本国策，完善人口发展战略，将全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策，积极开展应对人口老龄化行动。

　　Chinese lawmakers adopted an amended family planning law Sunday, a historic move allowing all couples to have two children amid efforts of balancing the country's population structure.

　　"The state advocates one couple having two children," reads the law passed at a bi-monthly session of the National People's Congress Standing Committee that concluded on Sunday.

　　The new law takes effect on Jan. 1. The amendment came after the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided in October on the universal two-child proposal.

　　现行《人口与计划生育法》自2002年9月1日起施行，其中第18条规定，“国家稳定现行生育政策，鼓励公民晚婚晚育，提倡一对夫妻生育一个子女”。上世纪七十年代，我国的人口增长速度超过国民经济增长速度，国家对人口政策作出调整，1980年，中共中央提出，鼓励只生一个孩子，后对计划生育政策再次做出调整，在农村地区，头胎是女孩的家庭可生育二胎。

　　The current family planning law took effect in 2002 to help stabilize birth rate that had decreased since the family planning policy was introduced in the 1970s. In 1980 the government started limiting most couples to one child. The grip gradually relaxed in the following decades. For example, rural couples were allowed to have two children if the first was a girl.

　　2013年，中共十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中提到“坚持计划生育的基本国策，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策”，明确“单独二孩”政策正式实施。

　　In 2013, China allowed couples to have a second child if either parent was an only child.

　　计划生育40年来，我国少生了4亿多人，有效地缓解了人口对资源、环境的压力，但同时还带来了诸多社会问题，如人口老龄化、劳动力短缺。

　　The "one couple, one child" policy is estimated to have prevented some 400 million births, reducing pressure on resources and the environment.

　　Meanwhile a number of social problems arose, mainly the decreasing labor force and aging population. Over 15 percent of the population is over 60 years old and the working-age population has started to decrease.

　　中国约有一亿四千万适龄生育女性已育有一孩，新计生法施行后，据国家卫生和计划生育委员副主任王培安估计，约有9000万家庭会生育二胎。

　　China has 140 million women of child-bearing age who have already raised a child. After the new law is adopted, about 90 million of them are expected to have a second child, according to Wang Pei'an, deputy head of the National Health and Family Planning Commission.

　　王培安表示，到2050年，劳动年龄人口将增加3000万，出生人口总量会有一定程度的增长，我国人口预计于2029年达到峰值14.5亿。

　　The policy will mean over 30 million more people in the labor force by 2050. The total population will increase slightly, with a peak around 1.45 billion in 2029, Wang said, adding that the policy could increase the economic growth rate by around half a percentage point.

　　专家估计，全面放开二孩不会造成人口大量增长，受教育费用过高等因素影响，并不是所有适龄家庭都会选择生二胎。

　　Experts expect no risk of a population explosion in following years because not all couples of child-bearing age are willing to have a second child, largely due to the rising cost of education and child-rearing.

　　全面二胎政策有法可依，你行动了吗？

　　版权所有：CRI NEWSPlus 英语环球广播

　　转载请获得许可

《[社会] 全面二孩元旦实施，永别了晚婚晚育(双语)》由河南新闻网-豫都网提供，转载请注明出处：http://edu.yuduxx.com/peixun/364252.html，谢谢合作！