天道独家名师指点，让你的答案变得更加连贯！

　　根据官方指南的说明，对于口语的评分标准有三：delivery，language use和topic development.其中topic development一项的定义是：How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. 我们注意到这一项标准要求我们的答案充实(full)和连贯(coherent)，那么什么叫做连贯呢？

　　指南上对于连贯的描述是：the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.就是说观点之间的关系要明确，从一个观点讲到另外一个观点的过程也要很清楚。

　　那么我们该如何做到呢?

　　首先我们要了解表达两个句子关系的方法：

　　其中一种方法就是所谓的明连接，主要体现在形式上：就是利用because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless，first和 second等连词或者副词表达因果，并列和转折等关系。

　　另一种方法则是暗连接，主要体现在语义上： 通过使用指示代词、人称代词等对前一句中出现过的内容进行指代，或者对前一句话中出现的关键词进行转述，解释，从而形成自然的承接关系。

　　我们看下面一则故事的节选：

　　Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention.

　　这则故事语法准确，内容充实，但是在连贯性上略逊一筹。我们尝试通过明连接和暗连接两种方法来润色该文章。

　　Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat there. The play was very interesting，but I did not enjoy it. It is because a young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry with them for I could not hear the actors. I turned round and looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention to me.

　　修改后使用了明连接和暗连接，对照原文，文章的连贯性有了较大的改善，读起来更加顺畅。

　　托福口语的回答可以看作是一个个的argument，对于连贯性的要求更高。除了句子之间要有联系以外，我们还要注意到段与段之间的联系。通常我们用总分(一个主题，两个分论点，每个分论点后面加例子)的结构来回答。主题句中表明观点后可以加上because，for two reasons 表明和后面两段话的因果关系。而两个分论点前面可以用first和second这样的序数词来表示两段的并列关系，也可以在两段之间加上表示递进关系的what‘s more，further more， moreover等词。此外每个分论点的例子要在语义上(暗连接)对于分论点进行支持。

　　比如该题为：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　In my view, people sometimes should do things that they don’t enjoy for two reasons:

　　First, they can learn something new from it.

　　For example, when I was a senior high school student, I was asked to play a role in a play. I had never done that before and I didn’t want to do it. However, from that Igained a lot of experience about how to perform(呼应分论点一).

　　Second, people may find that the things they don’t want to do are actuallyinteresting. For example, when I was preparing for that play, I found that it was a lot of fun to learn my lines and perform with a large group of people. Because of this, I think doing things that I don’t like may turn out to be a good experience(此句呼应分论点二).

　　本文原创名师：程实

　　北京外国语大学毕业，曾担任中国铁路集团的口译，是有个人特色与魅力的英语教师。对于口语教学有多年的研究和教学实践，深谙英语语音现象且有自己总结的有效训练方法。能够帮助学生在短时间里摆脱蹩脚的口语，建立自信，提高分数。据学生吐槽：该老师经常在你想象不到的时刻抖出一些学校老师从没讲过的干货。

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