独家！专八写作全解全析（含样题范文）

第一节 专八写作大纲解读及评分标准

　　一、专八写作大纲要求

　　外语专业教学测试专家委员会经过讨论，决定从2016年起对专八考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。其中，对写作部分的要求如下：

　　1. 测试要求

　　能根据所给阅读材料和要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约300个单词；能做到内容切题、充实，条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体。考试时间45分钟，分值比重为20%。

　　2. 测试形式

　　本部分为作答题，采用材料作文形式。

　　3. 测试目的

　　测试学生的书面表达能力。

　　二、专八写作题型变化

　　1. 命题形式发生了改变

　　改革前主要是命题+提纲式作文；改革后则是命题+材料作文，对考生的阅读理解及归纳能力提出了更高的要求。由写作样题可知，阅读材料的词数为500左右，可能是一篇完整的说明文、议论文，也可能是集合了关于某个话题或主题的各方观点。

　　2. 写作模式有所变化

　　改革前的写作模式是陈述观点——论证观点——得出结论；改革后的写作模式是简短概述材料——进行评论——进行总结。值得注意的是，在写作过程中，概述材料和进行评论缺一不可，否则将可能被扣分。

　　3. 范文长度变短

　　改革前要求写400词左右；改革后要求写300词左右。考生应该注意的是，写作时最好不要引用太多材料中的内容，而应进行概括和总结，否则不易得高分。

　　三、专八写作评分标准

　　专八写作大纲要求考生能根据所给阅读材料和要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约300个单词；能做到内容切题、充实，条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体。根据相关资料，阅卷教师具体评分时主要参考三个方面：文章的组织性、内容的相关性(切题与否)、语言的准确性。各等分数具体如下：

　　BAND

　　SCORE

　　DEION

　　5

　　20-18

　　Effective Communication Accuracies

　　The writing effectively addresses the writing task. It demonstrates a well-developed logical organizational structure with clearly stated main ideas and sufficient supporting details. It has almost no errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays an adequate ability to use the language with appropriacy. No difficulty is experienced by the reader.

　　4

　　17-15

　　Good Communication with Few Inaccuracies

　　The writing adequately addresses almost all of the writing task, though it deals with some parts more effectively than others. It demonstrates a generally well-developed logical organizational structure with main ideas and supporting details. It has relatively few significant errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays an ability to use the language with appropriacy. Very little difficulty is experienced by the reader.

　　3

　　14-12

　　Passable Communication with Some Inaccuracies

　　The writing adequately addresses most of the writing task. On the whole, it demonstrates an adequately developed organizational structure, though there may occasionally be a lack of relevance, clarity, consistency or support. It has occasional errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, which may, from time to time, obscure meaning, and for the most part it displays some ability to use the language with appropriacy. Occasional difficulty is experienced by the reader.

　　2

　　11-9

　　Problematic Communication with Frequent Inaccuracies

　　The writing only addresses some of the writing task. It demonstrates an inadequate organizational structure, and there may quite often be a lack of relevance, clarity, consistency or support. It has frequent errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays a limited ability to use the language with appropriacy. Some difficulty is experienced by the reader.

　　1

　　8-6

　　Almost No Communication

　　The writing almost completely fails to address the writing task. It has neither an organizational structure nor coherence. Almost all sentences contain errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays no ability to use the language with appropriacy. Even after considerable effort on the part of the reader, the text is largely incomprehensible.

　　此外，考生还需要注意以下几点，否则可能会导致失分：

　　1. 注意概述与评论的衔接，衔接不当可能会失分。

　　2. 注意概述与评论的比例要适当，概述部分所占比例不得多于1/3， 否则比例不当会扣很多分。

　　3. 概述部分可以适当用原文的部分词语，但不可全部照抄原文，否则会扣分。

第二节 专八写作样题范文及高分攻略

　　一、专八写作样题范文

　　PART V WRITING (45 MIN)

　　With the continued growth of online teaching systems and integration of massive open online courses (MOOCS) into higher education, college study will never be the same for both professors and students. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:

　　1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;

　　2. give your comment.

　　Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

　　University

　　The University of Washington (UW) in the US isn't shy about the benefits and drawbacks of online education. UW concedes online courses may be more effective for self-directed learners, and students who are not organized and in possession of good time-management skills may struggle. Thus, students should ask themselves whether they are capable of learning independently before signing up for online coursework.

　　UW also mentions online courses may not be able to accurately replicate the vibrant sense of intellectual community that has been at the heart of higher education for ages. This might lead some to miss out on learning and networking opportunities.

　　Students

　　Jasmine Barta of Arizona State University: I take about half my classes online each semester, and I’ll tell you why : Online classes are the secret to a happier, fuller and less stressful college experience. Some students complain about the lack of social interaction and the ease with which they can forget to meet a deadline. But for me these concerns fall flat in the face of the convenience, flexibility and independence online learning offers.

　　Chang Hanyi of Boston University: In order to squeeze in some extra learning without taking the focus away from my major, I enrolled in a pass/fail online reading and writing workshop. The coursework is actually as demanding as my other regular language classes. But what I have learned so far is beyond my expectations. My professor assigns weekly assignments each Monday, and I am required to do readings, write study blogs and take quizzes regularly. I am also required to respond to comments from my professor and classmates. So, taking online courses doesn't mean zero physical interaction with your instructors. My professor even invited me to face-to-face meetings four times to address article structure in my writing assignments. My professor also uploads video clips to review class content and audio files to clarify some thorny points. Despite the hard work, I still enjoy cyber interaction with my professor and classmates.

　　Yang Yang of Peking University: With MOOCS, we are no longer confined to a classroom at a certain time slot. Whenever I feel in the mood to study, I take out my laptop or iPad to watch course videos. I am now taking Legal Writing and Research on Coursera, a popular MOOCS platform. Each week, four or six courses videos are released for us students to learn. Apart from the teaching sessions, there are also quizzes to assess whether I have grasped the knowledge well. Quiz scores make up 32 percent of my final score. The great thing about the quizzes is we even have them before each course. This encourages me to finish all the reading and preview the class early. Although MOOCs are improving my learning experiences, this new form of teaching cannot compete with traditional ways of learning in terms of teacher-student interaction. I used to ask questions immediately after class. But with MOOCs, we only have office hours for question and answer sessions. Most of the time, I won't bother to go.

　　Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

　　范文

　　My Views on Online Teaching System or Platforms？

　　Modern technology has innovated the way teaching and learning can be in people’s life. Online teaching system or platforms is a recent phenomenon and consequently it is controversial. In spite of the fact that both universities and students have embraced this new style of teaching and learning, there are still worries and concerns. Considering both sides, it is clear that online teaching system or platforms can help students achieve higher learning effectiveness despite its drawbacks.

　　College students now enjoy greater benefits. Firstly, thanks to modern technology, learning online gives students access to a wider range of courses. With Internet access, a wide variety of courses, some of which are published by elite professors of top universities, have become accessible to students from all over the world. The online platform provides a far wider range of courses than that you would find in any school or college. Secondly, the flexibility and mobility given by the online teaching system makes students learn at any time anywhere in their convenience. They have great freedom of choice when they learn online. Thus, it reduces the amount of time they spend on commutes.

　　On the other hand, online teaching and learning is much demanding and requires students’ full commitment and independence. Admittedly, for those who are not self-disciplined and motivated, it is likely that they will end up with struggling with unsatisfactory results. Meanwhile, although online interaction with professors and partners is very convenient, it still cannot replace classroom’s simultaneous face-to-face communication. Thus, universities should work out methods to prevent the above mentioned problems that are likely to arise.

　　In conclusion, with the greatest technological boom in education, online learning or MOOCS, is an irreversible trend. So, the question really is not “Which one?” but rather, “How can we combine both?” The answer is that each performs its own functions. Undoubtedly, this revolutionary practice in education will continuously have more far-reaching consequences and will dramatically reshape the nature of higher education.

　　二、专八写作高分攻略

　　下面将结合最新专八写作样题来讲解一下高分攻略：

　　1.仔细审题、分析材料（2-3分钟）

　　考生读题时, 首先需要找出题目的主题词或句（topic words or sentence）, 即题目所给出的关键信息。分清楚什么是重要信息，什么是次要信息。以专八样题为例，题目中的college study will never be the same for both professors and students是主要信息和关键信息，其他内容是次要信息。所以文章应该论证online learning or MOOCS 会给高等教育带来哪些不同。然后，考生必须完成题目中所提出的两项任务要求：1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment。也就是说，既要概括双方观点，又要给出自己的评论，缺一不可。就此题目来说，概括学校一方对线上授课或慕课平台的评价：“The University of Washington (UW) in the US isn't shy about the benefits and drawbacks of online education.”（在线教育既有不可替代的优点，也有局限性。）也要提炼出学生一方对这一方式的认识：“But for me these concerns fall flat in the face of the convenience, flexibility and independence online learning offers.”（学习者充分享受这一学习方式的便捷性、灵活性和独立性。）当然也有学生认为，在某些方面，课堂教学更有优势：“Although MOOCs are improving my learning experiences, this new form of teaching cannot compete with traditional ways of learning in terms of teacher-student interaction.”

　　2.列出提纲、确定布局（3-4分钟）

　　在审完题后，就要提炼出中心思想（central idea）。就本文而言，在概括双方观点的基础上，提炼出自己的观点：Considering both sides, it is clear that online teaching system or platforms can help students achieve higher learning effectiveness despite its drawbacks. 综合来看，这种方式尽管也有缺点，但是能够极大地提高学习者的学习效果。这个观点紧扣题目中的主题句college study will never be the same for both professors and students。

　　明确了中心思想以后，接下来要构思文章的结构，写出大体的框架或简明的提纲。专八作文可以按两种模式来写，但一般都是四段式。

　　第一种模式是分为导语、概述、评论和结尾四部分。导语部分给出观点，概述部分对材料进行评述，评论部分对观点进行论证，结尾部分总结论点。

　　第二种模式是导语部分（一两句话）和概述部分作为第一段，而评论部分可以从两个方面来论述，作为第二段和第三段，最后是结尾段。

　　毋庸置疑，一个清晰的提纲对正式写作起着十分重要的作用，可以保证写作思路清晰，避免偏离主题。

　　3.正式写作（30-35分钟）

　　下面以第二种模式为例并结合写作样题范文对各部分的写法进行一一介绍。

　　（1）导语+概述部分的写法

　　首先用一句话引出写作背景。例如，写作样题范文第一句：Modern technology has innovated the way teaching and learning can be in people’s life. （现代科技创新了人们生活中的教学方式。）然后引出题目并概括出针对题目双方有不同的关注或者持有不同的观点：Online teaching system or platforms is a recent phenomenon and consequently it is controversial. In spite of the fact that both universities and students have embraced this new style of teaching and learning, there are still worries and concerns.（线上教学方式受到学校和学生的欢迎，同时作为一种新的教学方式，人们对它也有不同的声音。）最后给出自己的观点：Considering both sides, it is clear that online teaching system or platforms can help students achieve higher learning effectiveness despite its drawbacks. （综合来看，这种方式尽管也有缺点，但是能够极大地提高学习者的学习效果。）

　　（2）评论部分的写法

　　评论部分可以从两个方面来论述。以写作样题为例，第二段阐述一方的观点或问题的一面：先给出中心句（College students now enjoy greater benefits.）然后阐述第一个原因（Firstly, thanks to modern technology, learning online gives students access to a wider range of courses.）之后展开陈述。接着阐述第二个原因（Secondly, the flexibility and mobility given by the online teaching system makes students learn at any time anywhere in their convenience.）之后展开陈述。

　　第三段指出问题的另一面或者另一方的观点（On the other hand, online teaching and learning is much demanding and requires students’ full commitment and independence）接着分别用admittedly和meanwhile引出online learning 的局限性。如果有反方观点的话，可以先陈述反方观点的合理性，然后驳斥反方观点的不合理性。

　　（3）结尾段的写法

　　首先重申观点（In conclusion, with the greatest technological boom in education, online learning or MOOCS, is an irreversible trend.）然后提出不能忽视问题的另一面（So, the question really is not “Which one?” but rather, “How can we combine both?” The answer is that each performs its own functions.）最后对观点进行提升（Undoubtedly, this revolutionary practice in education will continuously have more far-reaching consequences and will dramatically reshape the nature of higher education. ）

　　值得注意的是，概述部分不应该太长（以不超过文章总长度的三分之一为宜），也不要大量引用材料中的句子，否则很容易失分。评论段是文章的主体部分，写作时应条理清晰，论述有据，占文章长度的三分之二左右。导语和结尾都不宜太长，简要阐明即可。

　　4. 检查修改（2-3分钟）

　　对文章中的语法、用词、拼写、标点和大小写都要一一检查，甚至还要对文章内容或字数的不足进行补救。这一步骤不但在正式考试中不能忽略，而且在平时的写作训练中也要引起重视，养成习惯。

　　本文为星火英语原创文章，转载请注明来源：星火英语

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