奥运来袭！38个体育项目的英文名，你和孩子能说出几个？

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　　四年一度的“奥运时钟”已经开启！第31届夏季奥林匹克运动会的圣火在巴西里约热内卢点燃啦！

　　小编用中英双语的形式介绍奥运竞赛项目的看点与历史。快来测测，38个项目的英文名，你和孩子说得出几个？

　　射箭 Archery

　　A fascinating test of nerve and accuracy, archery made its Olympic debut（首次登场） at Paris 1900, with women joining in four years later. At Rio 2016, both genders will compete in individual and team events, aiming for that perfect score.

　　艺术体操 Artistic Gymnastics [d??m?næst?ks]

　　Balance beam（平衡木）, pommel horse（鞍马）, parallel bars（双杠）, rings（吊环）... in artistic gymnastics the athletes compete on different apparatus（器械） in individual and team events, eight for men and six for women. This traditional sport has been in the Games since Athens 1896.

　　田径 Athletics

　　Running, jumping and throwing. One of the most traditional Olympic sports, athletics has been part of the Games since Athens 1896, the first of the modern era. Today, no other sport offers more medals: 141,47 of which are gold.

　　羽毛球 Badminton

　　With shuttlecocks（羽毛球，也可表示毽球） travelling at up to 400 km/h, badminton requires fast reflexes（反应） from the players and the audience’s full attention. It has been in the Games since Barcelona 1992. Men and women compete in individual and doubles events, and mixed doubles.

　　篮球 Basketball

　　A magnificent spectacle（表演，奇观） of dribbling（运球）, slam-dunks（扣篮） and three-pointers. At Rio 2016, basketball is celebrating 80 years in the Olympic Games – its debut was at Berlin 1936. Twelve teams of each gender will be battling for medals.

　　沙滩排球 Beach Volleyball

　　Perhaps no other sport is more closely associated with Rio de Janeiro than beach volleyball, which has been in the Olympic Games since Atlanta 1996. The men’s and women’s competitions will take place on the famous sands of Copacabana beach.

　　拳击 Boxing

　　Jabs（刺拳）, crosses（交叉拳）, uppercuts（上勾拳）... a singlepunch（用拳猛击） can make all the difference in boxing. The sport made its Olympic debut at St Louis 1904 and women entered the fray（斗争，冲突） at London 2012. At Rio 2016, there are 13 categories – 10 for men and three for women.

　　皮划艇激流回旋 Canoe Slalom [k??nu: ?sleil?m]

　　Get ready for white-knuckle（令人极度紧张的） drama on the whitewater rapids. Inspired by slalom skiing（障碍滑雪）, this sport has been in the Games since Munich 1972. Competitors navigate the course on board kayaks（皮艇） or canoes（划艇）, in singles or doubles events.

　　皮划艇静水 Canoe Sprint

　　Competitors race on flat water in kayaks or canoes in this sport, which made its Olympic debut at the Berlin 1936 Games. Twelve gold medals – eight for men and four for women – are up for grabs on Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.

　　自行车越野赛 Cycling BMX

　　Cycling’s most recent Olympic discipline (it debuted at Beijing 2008), BMX is an exciting sport which mixes intense racing, big jumps and plenty of crashes. In Rio there are men’s and women’s individual events.

　　山地自行车赛 Cycling Mountain Bike

　　A sport for fans of adventure and adrenaline（肾上腺素，刺激、兴奋）, mountain bike challenges competitors with steep climbs, fast descents（下降） and natural obstacles. Twenty years after its Olympic debut at Atlanta 1996, there are individual events for men and women in Rio.

　　公路自行车赛 Cycling Road

　　A test of endurance and a race against the clock. Be it the road race or time trial, road cycling events will be contested against the background of Rio’s stunning（令人震惊的，极好的） scenery. The sport has been in the Olympic Games since Athens 1896.

　　场地自行车赛 Cycling Track

　　This adrenaline-fuelled sport has been in the Olympic Games since Athens 1896, the first of the modern era. It combines speed,tactics（战术，策略） – and bikes that have no brakes（刹车）! There are three individual and two team events for men and women.

　　跳水 Diving

　　When diving made its Olympic debut at St Louis 1904, athletes aimed for the longest jump. Now their spectacular aerial（空中的） acrobatics（杂技，巧妙手法） are judged to the minutest detail. In Rio, men and women compete in four events, individually or in duos, from 10m and 3m.

　　马术 Equestrian [??kwestri?n]

　　The only Olympic sport in which men and women compete against each other on a level playing field, equestrian has three disciplines: eventing（三项全能赛）, dressage（盛装舞步赛） and jumping（场地障碍赛）, all of them with individual and team competitors.

　　击剑 Fencing [?fens??]

　　Choose your weapon: épée（重剑）, foil（花剑） or sabre（佩剑）? In the Olympic programme since Athens 1896, the first Games of the modern era, fencing comes to Rio 2016 with three individual and two team events for both men and women.

　　高尔夫 Golf

　　This is a historic moment for golf: after 112 years, it is again an Olympic sport. Before that, it was part of the programme only in Paris 1900 and St Louis 1904. In Rio, men and women will compete individually on the new Olympic Golf Course.

　　手球 Handball

　　Fiercely contested, tactical, skilful and with goals galore（大量的，丰富的）, handball is an exciting spectacle. Field handball made its Olympic debut at the Berlin 1936 Games, but the sport has been played indoors since Munich 1972. There are men’s and women’s events.

　　曲棍球 Hockey

　　With its team ethic, high-octane（强烈的） action and plenty of goals, hockey has been thrilling（使激动、使陶醉） the Olympic audience since London 1908, with women’s teams joining in at Moscow 1980. In Rio, there are men’s and women’s competitions.

　　柔道 Judo [?d?u:d??]

　　Ippon（一本）, wazari（技有）,yuko（有效）... the successful delivery of a single move can swing the match. Judo made its Olympic debut at Tokyo 1964, with women’s competitions being added at Barcelona 1992. In Rio, there are seven men’s and seven women’s events.

　　马拉松游泳 Marathon Swimming

　　A 10km race in open-water, this is another adventure sport. It entered the Olympic Games at Beijing 2008, as part of the swimming programme. But in Rio, at Copacabana beach, it is a discipline on its own, with men’s and women’s competitions.

　　现代五项 Modern Pentathlon [pen?tæθl?n]

　　A classic contest played out in five acts: fencing, swimming, horse riding, shooting and running – with all the events taking place on the same day. Part of the Olympic Games since Stockholm 1912, modern pentathlon has men’s and women’s competitions.

　　艺术体操 Rhythmic [?r?ðm?k] Gymnastics

　　A spectacular show in which gymnasts use apparatus to wow the judges, this graceful women-only discipline made its Olympic debut more than 30 years ago, at the Los Angeles 1984 Games. Accompanied by music, athletes perform in individual or team events.

　　赛艇 Rowing [?r????]

　　Rowing, which made its Olympic debut at the Paris 1900 Games, has more than a century of tradition in the waters of Rio de Janeiro. There are eight men’s and six women’s events in boats for one, two, four or nine [including the coxswain（舵手）] competitors.

　　七人制橄榄球 Rugby [?r?gbi] Sevens

　　Although the 15-player version of the sport appeared at the Olympic Games between 1900 and 1924, Rio 2016 marks the debut of rugby sevens, a faster, shorter adaption. Bravery, skill and speed will be in abundance in the men’s and women’s tournaments.

　　帆船 Sailing

　　Sailing was supposed to make its Olympic debut at Athens 1896, but due to bad weather it was postponed（推迟） until Paris 1900. Now one of the most celebrated Olympic sports, in Rio there will be five men’s, four women’s and one mixed event on Guanabara Bay.

　　射击 Shooting

　　A supreme（最高的） test of accuracy, shooting made its Olympic debut at Athens 1896, the first Games of the modern era. In Rio, competitors will battle to reach thepodium（领奖台） in nine men’s and six women’s events, all individual.

　　游泳 Swimming

　　A breath-taking（令人惊心动魄的） sport, swimming has been in the Olympic Games since Athens 1896. Men and women participate in 16 events, including relays and individual competitions in four strokes – freestyle（自由泳）, breaststroke（蛙泳）,butterfly（蝶泳） and backstroke（仰泳）.

　　花样游泳 Synchronised ['s??kr?na?zd] Swimming

　　An aquatic（水中进行的） ballet, synchronised swimming has been delighting Olympic audiences with its grace and rhythm since Los Angeles 1984. It’s a women-only discipline with duet（双人） and team competitions.

　　乒乓球 Table Tennis

　　Part of the Olympic Games since Seoul 1988, table tennis is the most popular racket sport in the world. Devilish（极端的） spin（旋转，转速） and incredible reflexes make it a spellbinding（使人着迷） spectacle. Men and women compete individually and in teams.

　　跆拳道 Taekwondo [ta?'k?nd??]

　　“The way of the feet and hands” is the meaning of the Korean word taekwondo, a martial art included in the Olympic Games since Sydney 2000. At the Rio 2016 Games, there are four weight classes for men and women.

　　网球 Tennis

　　Point by point, game by game, set by set, tennis is both fiercely contested and delightfully graceful. Men debuted in the Olympic Games at Athens 1896, women at Paris 1900. There are men’s and women’s singles and doubles, plus mixed doubles.

　　蹦床 Trampoline [?træmp?li:n] Gymnastics

　　A stunning exhibition of somersaults（翻筋斗） and aerial acrobatics, trampoline has been part of the Olympic Games since Sydney 2000. Men and women compete individually, bouncing（弹跳） up to heights that can surpass（超过） eight metres.

　　三项全能 Triathlon [tra??æθl?n]

　　Since making their Olympic debut at Sydney 2000, triathletes have been pushing themselves to the limit in swimming, cycling and running, with the first to the finish line taking gold. There will be men’s and women’s individual events in Copacabana.

　　排球 Volleyball

　　Bursting withelectrifying（使人兴奋的）rallies（回合，对攻）, blocks（拦网） and spikes（扣球）, volleyball has been thrilling Olympic audiences since Tokyo 1964.

　　水球 Water Polo

　　The first Olympic team sport, water polo has been in the Games since Paris 1900, when it was a men-only competition – women joined at Sydney 2000. Physical, fast-paced and with lots of goals, it’s a thrilling spectacle.

　　举重 Weightlifting

　　The ultimate（极限的，最终的） test of strength, athletes can lift up to three times their body weight. Weightlifting was part of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, with women joining in at Sydney 2000. There are eight men’s and eight women’s events.

　　摔跤 Wrestling [?resl??]

　　A fascinating mix of primal（原始的） hand-to-hand combat and complex tactics, wrestling has been in the Games since Athens 1896. There are two disciplines: freestyle, with six different events for men and women, and Greco-Roman（希腊罗马式）, only for men.

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