[科技] 移民木星？NASA都开始近距离探索了 (双语)

　　在等待了5年之后，美国宇航局NASA的科学家将首次近距离探索木星。朱诺号木星探测器在2011年8月发射，经历了7.16亿千米的飞行之后将于7月4日进入木星轨道。

　　After nearly a five year wait, scientists at the US Space Agency NASA will get their very first close-encounter with Jupiter. Launched in August of 2011, the Juno spacecraft will enter into orbit around the largest planet in the solar system on July 4th, after a 716-million km journey.

　　6月9日，NASA喷气推进实验室展示了一个“净化室”。这是按照1:4缩小的巨大朱诺号模型还有原比例太阳能翼板的测试模型。

　　NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on June 9th, 2016 opened the doors to one of their 'clean rooms.' It is a large, one quarter-scale model of Juno, as well as a full-size, test replica of one of its solar panel wings.

　　朱诺号首席调查员Scott Bolton解释了朱诺号进入木星轨道的精密过程。Bolton表示，“7月4日朱诺号将从太阳轨道进入木星轨道。朱诺号需要减速以便能够进入木星轨道，接着在正确的时刻让火箭在正确的时间内加速。当然在火箭加速的时候朱诺号必须面对正确的方向，否则朱诺号将直接飞过木星。这件堪称6000年来最疯狂的事，基本上不可能重来一遍。所以必须进入轨道并完成任务。”

　　Juno Principal Investigator Scott Bolton explains the delicate process whereby Juno will come into Jupiter's Orbit. "So July 4th is the day we make the transition from being in orbit around the sun to being in orbit around Jupiter. So we have to slow down so that we can get into orbit around Jupiter and we have to fire a rocket at just the right time and just the right amount of time and we have to be facing in the right direction when we fire that rocket, and if that doesn't happen just right, you just fly right past Jupiter and that's it. You don't come back for, I don't know, 6000 years or something crazy like that. So you have to get in orbit there in order to have a mission."

　　朱诺号将史无前例地围绕木星轨道飞行一年，测量木星的含水量、绘制木星的磁场图还有寻找木星实心的迹象。木星的质量是太阳系其他行星质量总和的两倍，被认为是解释46.5亿年前太阳诞生之后气体和尘埃如何形成行星的关键。

　　Juno is to spend a year in an unprecedented polar orbit around the giant planet, measuring its water content, mapping its magnetic fields and searching for signs of a solid core. With more than twice the mass than all its sibling planets combined, Jupiter is believed to hold a key piece to the puzzle of how the planets formed some 4.65 billion years ago from the gas and dust left over after the birth of the sun.

　　Bolton表示，朱诺号最重要的任务之一就是解释太阳系是如何形成的。Bolton表示，“我们的首要任务之一就是探索木星是如何形成的。木星内部是什么样子？由什么物质构成？木星上有多少的水和氧气？内部结构是什么样子？我们可以整合这些想法然后了解太阳系的其他行星的形成。木星如何从太阳的残留物形成？如何得知其他行星的形成过程？”

　　Bolton says one of the priorities of the Juno mission is to answer questions about the formation of our solar system. "One of the first priority things, is just to learn about how Jupiter formed. What is it like inside? What is it exactly made out of? How much water and oxygen are inside the planet? And how is it structured inside? So that we can put together the idea of how the rest of the solar system is made. How did Jupiter get made from the leftovers of the sun? And what does that tell us about how planets in general are made?"

　　为了完成观测，朱诺号将在距离木星云层5000千米处飞行。这将是宇宙飞船第一次在辐射带中飞行。

　　To make its observations, Juno will soar as close as 5,000 km above Jupiter's cloud tops. This will make it the first spacecraft to fly inside the planet's radiation belts.

　　由于极端的环境，Bolton表示他们对配备宇宙飞船进行了反复的测试。Bolton表示，“朱诺号可能是防护最好的宇宙飞船。它的速度比任何一架宇宙飞船都快。当朱诺号到达木星轨道并发动引擎时，它将是史上最快的人造物体。我们会尖叫着到达木星的高强度辐射带，离木星非常近。我们在任何想到的方面都进行了改进，这是我们制造的装备最好的宇宙飞船。”

　　Because of the extreme environment, Bolton said they took strenuous measures in outfitting the spacecraft. "Juno is probably the most shielded spacecraft ever flown. We're moving faster than any spacecraft has ever gone. By the time that we arrive at Jupiter and fire our engines, we'll be the fastest human-made object in history. And so we're screaming past this planet, super close, in an intense radiation environment and we've given every advantage that we know to be, it's the most armored tank we've ever built."

　　朱诺号将围绕木星飞行33圈，需要大概一年的时间。它最后的任务颇为悲壮：是自杀式地陷入木星厚厚的大气层中。据说这样探测器会焚烧，但同时避免了对有水的卫星造成污染。

　　Juno should last through 33 orbits around Jupiter, which is about a year on Earth. Its last maneuver will be a suicidal plunge into the planet's thick atmosphere. It is said that this will incinerate the probe, in order to avoid possible contamination of Jupiter's water-bearing moons.

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