[文化] 15种鸡尾酒的缔造灵感 (双语)

　　当天气变暖，户外聚会的诱惑越发难以抵抗。漫长的一天过去了，是时候在游泳池或是后院放松一下了。这时最需要的是一杯冰爽提神的饮料。日积月累，经验丰富的调酒师出色地创造出多款鸡尾酒。

　　As the weather gets warmer, the siren call of serene outdoor scenes draws us ever closer. After a long day, it can be so rejuvenating to relax at your favorite watering hole or in your own backyard. And it's the perfect time for a cool, refreshing beverage. And over the years, enterprising mixologists have come up with a lot of them.

　　喝一口你最爱的鸡尾酒，你会好奇它是如何调制出来的么？鸡尾酒的历史悠久，而关于某款鸡尾酒的配方研制者究竟是谁，可是值得争论一番呢，因为好多人都声称自己是某款鸡尾酒的原始发明者。

　　But as you sip on your favorite mix, you may start to wonder just how your drink of choice came to be. And when you start to look into it, you understand why there's such a thing as liquor historians. The history of cocktails can be a long and confusing one with many people claiming to have invented the same drink.

　　我们可以保证下面这15种鸡尾酒背后故事的真实性。

　　But as far as we can tell, we've nailed down the true stories behind these 15 famous cocktails. Remember to enjoy them responsibly.

　　1. 曼哈顿 The Manhattan

　　曼哈顿鸡尾酒是世界上最早的味美思鸡尾酒之一。这款酒最初是在1874年纽约的曼哈顿俱乐部为了温斯顿·丘吉尔的妈妈特别制作的。然而问题来了：实际上当时她在英国，所以曼哈顿鸡尾酒有可能是十年前一个叫布莱克的男人发明的。

　　The Manhattan was one of the world's first vermouth cocktails and it was first made special for Winston Churchill's mother at New York's Manhattan Club in 1874. The only problem is she was in England at the time, so the drink was probably invented by a man named Black about 10 years earlier.

　　2. 代基里 The Daiquiri

　　代基里是欧内斯特·海明威最喜欢的饮料，于19世纪90年代由一名在古巴工作的美国工程师发明。这名美国工程师想发明一种最完美的朗姆酒饮料并以他工作的城镇命名。迈阿密大学保存了代基里的原始配方：柠檬汁，糖和朗姆酒，

　　Ernest Hemingway's favorite drink was invented by an American engineer working in Cuba during the 1890s. He wanted to find the perfect rum drink and named the result after the town he was working in. His original recipe of lemon juice, sugar, and rum is now archived at the University of Miami.

　　3. 黑俄罗斯 The Black Russian

　　和名字无关，黑俄罗斯是Gustave Tops在比利时专为美国大使发明的鸡尾酒。由于当时冷战刚刚开始，将俄罗斯的伏特加和甘露混合不仅加深了饮料的颜色，还使饮料更加神秘。

　　Despite the name, this drink was created in Belgium by Gustave Tops as a signature cocktail for an American ambassador. Since the Cold War was just beginning, mixing Russian vodka into the Kahlúa made it seem more dark and mysterious.

　　4. 白俄罗斯 The White Russian

　　在上个世界50年代末或60年代初，不知道是谁往黑俄罗斯中加入了牛奶，大多数人称之为“酒精奶昔”。多亏了"督爷"(电影《谋杀绿脚趾》），近几年白俄罗斯又流行起来了。

　　It's unknown who first added milk to a Black Russian back in the late 50s or early 60s, but it was widely panned at the time as an "alcoholic milkshake." Yet it's made a comeback in more recent years thanks to the power of The Dude.

　　5. 马提尼 The Martini

　　像经典名著一样，马提尼的渊源极具争论。最流行的说法是，在加利福尼亚州马内斯丁的一名矿工发明了马提尼并以城市的名字来命名。他当时喝得太多了，就把“马内斯丁”叫成了“马提尼”。

　　Like many of the classics, this one has some competing origin stories. The most popular one has a miner in Martinez, California starting out with a different cocktail named after the city. After he got too drunk to pronounce Martinez anymore, the Martini was born.

　　6. 莫吉托 The Mojito

　　早期的莫吉托是在1586年由一名古巴哈瓦那的海盗发明的，原本是一种药物。在19世纪，加入朗姆酒的莫吉托正式成为了一种鸡尾酒。

　　An early version of the Mojito was invented by the pirate Richard Drake in Havana, Cuba back in 1586. It was originally supposed to be medicinal and didn't become an official Mojito until rum was added during the 1800s.

　　7. 汤姆·柯林斯 The Tom Collins

　　汤姆·柯林斯的名字来源于1874年一场恶作剧，彼时大家声称一个名为汤姆·柯林斯的人在散播谣言，而实际上此人并不存在，大家用这种方式彼此戏弄。当人们在酒吧问起柯林斯时，酒保就调会调制一杯约翰·柯林斯鸡尾酒作为回应，顺应潮流变化，这款鸡尾酒的名字变成了汤姆·柯林斯。

　　The name comes from a weird prank in 1874 where people would trick each other into chasing a non-existent man named Tom Collins for spreading unpleasant rumors about them. When asked about Collins, some bartenders would respond by mixing a cocktail called a John Collins. It seems the fad caused the drink's name to change to Tom Collins.

　　8. 血腥玛丽 The Bloody Mary

　　巴黎的哈利纽约酒吧发明了最好的解酒饮品。一个酒保将俄罗斯侨民的伏特加混合了美国侨民的西红柿汁。1920年，俄罗斯侨民和美国侨民为了逃避俄国革命和俄国禁令不约而同来到了巴黎。这款鸡尾酒直至上个世纪40年代才正式命名。

　　Everyone's favorite hangover cure was made in Harry's New York Bar — which was in Paris — when a bartender combined vodka brought by Russian immigrants with tomato juice brought by American expats. Both were in Paris in 1920 to dodge the Russian Revolution and Prohibition, respectively. The drink's name wouldn't come around until the '40s.

　　9. 大都会 The Cosmopolitan

　　美剧《欲望都市》播出之后，大都会也随之火了。1985年，迈阿密的酒保Cheryl Cook发明了这款鸡尾酒。和大多数鸡尾酒一样，大都会的配方也有所改变。

　　Before Sex and the City made the drink popular, it was created in 1985 by Miami bartender Cheryl Cook. Like many of the cocktails on this list, it's a slight variation on a previous drink.

　　10. 尼格龙尼 The Negroni

　　意大利伯爵卡米洛·尼格龙尼喜欢点美式咖啡，并将其中的苏打水换成杜松子酒，这就是现在的尼格龙尼。从各种流传的说法来看，那时候伯爵因为喜欢美国而一身牛仔打扮。

　　This drink was created when Italian count Camillo Negroni ordered an Americano, but with the club soda swapped out for gin. From all accounts, he was likely wearing a cowboy outfit at the time because of his love for America.

　　11. 桑格利亚汽酒 Sangria

　　这款西班牙鸡尾酒的历史要追溯到古罗马时期。古罗马人将红酒，水，草药和香料混合在一起，创作了当时的桑格利亚汽酒。因为这款鸡尾酒类似于大杂烩，所以桑格利亚汽酒根据不同的口味会有不同的变化。

　　This Spanish cocktail dates back to the ancient Romans, who mixed wine, water and herbs and spices to make a safe drink for the time. Since it was a hodgepodge to begin with, this drink has tons of variations.

　　12. 长岛冰茶 The Long Island Iced Tea

　　长岛冰茶里并不含有正真的冰茶，但却是1972年Robert Butt在长岛的发明。他参加了一场鸡尾酒比赛，比赛的唯一规则就是需要用到橙皮甜酒。从此，长岛冰茶成为了著名的酒精饮料。

　　It doesn't actually contain iced tea, but it was invented on Long Island by Robert Butt in 1972. He entered a cocktail creating contest where the only rule was to use triple sec and out came this famous boozy beverage.

　　13. 迈泰鸡尾酒The Mai Tai

　　1944年，维克多·鲍格朗，就是著名的Trader Vic混合了牙买加朗姆酒和红酒，创作出了迈泰鸡尾酒（又译为迈代），名字则来自他的塔希提岛朋友：当他们品尝这款鸡尾酒的时候，他们高呼“mai tai roa ae”，意思是“世界上最好的鸡尾酒”。

　　Invented by the famous Trader Vic in 1944, this mix of Jamaican rum and wine, complex ingredients got its name from his Tahitian friends. When they tried it, they said "mai tai roa ae", which means "out of this world, the best!"

　　14. 玛格丽特 The Margarita

　　夏季特饮玛格丽特的发明还要追溯到1938年的墨西哥提华纳。酒保Carlos Herrera为一位对除了龙舌兰酒外所有烈性酒都过敏的顾客专门调制了这杯鸡尾酒，其配方是在龙舌兰酒中加入盐和酸橙。

　　This summer favorite was likely invented in Tijuana, Mexico back in 1938. Bartender Carlos Herrera developed it for a customer who was allergic to all hard liquor except tequila and added salt and lime like you would with a shot.

　　15. 薄荷茱丽浦 The Mint Julep

　　薄荷茱丽浦是美国南方人的最爱，于18世纪在弗吉尼亚州发明，最开始的目的是随药饮用。不能喝白兰地酒的人喜欢上了这款薄荷茱丽浦。

　　Developed in Virginia during the 1700s, this Southern favorite was originally supposed to be taken with medicine. The bourbon essential to modern Mint Juleps was actually added after the fact by those who couldn't afford brandy.

　　English Source: Diply

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