[科技] 无人机“黑飞”谁管？ 小飞机大危险(双语)

　　伴随着无人机产业的发展也日益蓬勃，各大企业都积极的试图在无人机行业寻求一丝机遇。然而，另一方面，由无人机引发的事故历来不少，关于无人机对航空安全威胁的担忧就越深，引发了有关空中安全、立法和隐私等问题的大讨论。

　　各方呼吁无人机应加强监管

　　Stricter Regulation Urged for Drones

　　最近，国内对于无人机管理条例的呼声越来越高。事情起因是一个网络的视频片段，该视频由一架民用私人无人机所拍摄，可以看出无人机是在一架中国战斗机旁边拍摄其降落过程，还一度试图赶上它的速度。视频拍摄的时间未知。

　　New calls are being made for tighter regulations surrounding the use of drone aircraft in China. It comes on the heels of a new video making the rounds on the internet.

　　The video, captured by a private drone, shows a Chinese fighter jet making a landing while the drone attempts to keep pace with the aircraft.It's still unclear when or where the video was shot.

　　然而，可以从视频中看出的是无人机当时据这架军用飞机只有不到五百米的距离。航空专家宋心之表示这是一个非常危险的行为。“战斗机虽然在着陆过程中降速了，但是其速度还是能达到近200千米每小时，如果无人机和飞机发生任何碰撞的话，后果不堪设想。”

　　However, analysis of the video suggests the drone and the jet were no more than 500-meters apart when the video was shot.

　　Aviation expert Song Xinzhi says this was a very dangerous situation."Planes slow down during the landing process. But still, the speeds at this stage are still some 200-kilometers per hour. If the drone were to come into contact with the jet during its landing, it certainly could have created a fatal disaster."

　　今年前几个月中，河北军区的一架军用直升机在其训练区域迫降了一架无人机。几年前，一架于北京机场飞行的无人机致使多次航班延误。中国私用航空器拥有者及驾驶员协会（AOPA）的段志勇呼吁出台无人机操作的法律。

　　Earlier this month, a military helicopter unit out of Hebei forced down a private drone operating near its training airspace. A couple of years ago, a privately-controlled drone flying near the Beijing Airport forced the delay of more than a dozen flights.

　　Duan Zhiyong with the government-backed Aircraft Owners and Pilot's Association （AOPA）says new laws connected to drone operations are urgently needed

　　“无人机的监管需要制定规则，就像机动车一样。试想一下如果公路上没有交警，没有路灯，没有监控录像的话，交通秩序将会多么混乱不堪。” 据估计，现在中国大概有10万架私有无人机。之中大多数都是无证明无许可的，属于“黑飞”。而只有一个2013年的条款要求无人机操作员签署飞行协议。

　　"The management of drone flights requires rules, just like vehicles on the road. Just imagine what impact this has when it comes to managing road traffic without police officers, traffic lights or surveillance cameras." It's estimated there are around 100-thousand private drones being operated in China right now.Most of them are unlicensed and flying without approval, despite a 2013 regulation requiring drone operators to submit flight plans.

　　世界许多国家都在规范无人机的使用。比如中国和俄罗斯都需要在操作无人机前获得许可证，而日本则禁止无人机在居民区和人多密集区域飞行。中国正在成为世界领先的无人机制造和使用国家。据估计在10年内中国的无人机销售额将超过一千亿美元。

　　Reglating drone flights is something many countries around the world are working on.Like China, Russian drone operators are required to get approvals before a flight.In Japan, a bill passed this past September strictly bans drone flights over residential communities or crowded areas.

　　China is fast becoming a world leader in drone production and use, with estimates suggesting drone production and sales in China are set to exceed 100-billion yuanover the next 10-years.

　　图为国内的无人机驾驶证

　　小知识：满足三大条件，才不算黑飞

　　对于无人机的合法飞行流程，AOPA的柯玉宝进行了详细解读：自2012年起，为了简化鼓励通用航空飞行作业，诸如涉及到国境、国界、军事目标等九种情况必须提前7到15天进行申报。除此之外，飞行任务和飞行计划一同进行就可以。首先，要提前一天进行飞行计划申请(要在申请当天15点前申报)，空管部门有可能是民航、空军等机构。当天18时以前，就能得到回复，第二天能不能飞。

　　对于无人机作业是不是黑飞，柯玉宝认为只有满足以下三个条件，才不是黑飞。第一，人员要有航空器驾驶执照。第二，航空器要有适航证书，相当于汽车的行驶本，包括了国际登记证、试航证以及电台执照，但国家尚无专门法律规定无人机适航，因此，这一条暂时可以豁免。现在，无人机可以取得特许适航资格。第三，要申报飞行计划。

　　无人机黑飞事件之所以屡禁不止，表面原因是很多人不知道飞行要申报飞行计划。其实，在我国，只要如实申报计划，基本上都能航飞，不能的情况也会加以说明。深层原因，是国内的航空文化没有普及。在航空大国美国，青少年从小就接受航空文化教育。不容忽视的客观事实，美国通用航空器数量将近23万架，从安全性角度出发，美国无人机相关法规制定得更为严苛。

　　版权所有：CRI NEWSPlus 英语环球广播

　　转载请获得许可

《[科技] 无人机“黑飞”谁管？ 小飞机大危险(双语)》由河南新闻网-豫都网提供，转载请注明出处：http://edu.yuduxx.com/peixun/286941.html，谢谢合作！