[策划] 中国科学家发表治疗老年痴呆新发现 (双语)

　　今天是与老年人相关的日子，让我们共同关注阿尔茨海默病，又称老年性痴呆症。阿尔茨海默病是一种非常常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病。2015年，国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部主办的“阿尔茨海默病与学习记忆障碍高峰论坛”宣布：全球目前共有约4600万阿尔茨海默病患者，预计2050年将达到1亿多。阿尔茨海默病临床表现为认知和记忆功能不断衰退和恶化，如何解决由阿尔茨海默病带来的认知障碍是目前影响人类社会的重要课题。

　　Alzheimer's disease is the most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Clinically, it is characterized by worsening cognition and memory. Preventing cognitive impairment is an important issue facing society.

　　近日，哈尔滨工业大学生命学院2016级博士生刘桂友（论文第一作者）和青年教师蒋庆华教授（通讯作者）在《美国科学院院报》（PNAS）上以快报（Letter）形式发表题为“阿尔茨海默病CD33基因变异rs3865444与人类认知功能无显著相关”的研究论文，据称这将对治疗阿尔茨海默病产生巨大影响。

　　Chinese research on neurodegenerative diseases has made progress recently, and the new developments are poised to have a huge impact on the treatment of Alzheimer's. The latest research was conducted by Professor Jiang Qinghua at the School of Life Science and Technology of Harbin Institute of Technology.

　　寻找影响认知衰退的遗传位点是治疗老年痴呆的关键一步。早在2015年，美国加州大学研究人员发现，CD33基因变异rs3865444是人类逐渐演化出的独特的基因变异，能保护认知衰退，进而抵御神经退行性疾病。

　　Discovering the genetic loci that affect cognitive decline is a key step in thetreatment of the disease. In 2015, researchers from University of California found a unique genetic mutation that might protect against cognitive decline and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

　　为了验证这一发现，蒋庆华教授和其博士生刘桂友分析了17989个儿童样本的认知功能数据（6-18岁）、106736个成人样本的认知功能数据（96%样本大于30岁）、101069个成人样本的受教育程度数据（96%样本大于30岁）。

　　To verify this finding, Jiang and his doctoral student, Liu Guiyou, analyzed 17,989 samples of children's cognitive function, 106,736 samples of adults' cognitive function, and 101,069 samples of adult education levels.

　　研究结果表明，加州大学发现的CD33基因变异rs3865444对儿童认知功能、成人认知功能和受教育程度无显著关联。同时，该项研究发现，CD33基因附近可能存在其它的突变位点能够保护认知衰退，进而抵御神经退行性疾病，这一发现为阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病后续研究，提供了新思路和新线索。

　　Studies show that the genetic variant discovered at the University of California does not affect children's cognition abilities. There was also no clear link between the variant and adult cognition levels. However, the findings do provide new ideas and clues for further research on Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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