俄罗斯还是世界强国吗（双语）

　　爱语导读:中国已经跃居世界第二大强国的地位，俄罗斯的内部经济问题也已显现，其世界大国地位面临多重挑战，在今天，它还是世界强国吗？

　　Whether Russia, one of 15 successor states to the USSR, which broke up in 1991, is still a genuine world power in 2015 is open to question.

　　对于俄罗斯这一前苏联（解体于1991年）的15个继任国之一，在2015年还能否稳坐世界大国的宝座，仍有讨论的余地。

　　It remains the world’s largest country and the largest oil producer

　　它依旧是世界上最大的国家和最大的石油生产国。

　　It retains its permanent seat on the UN Security Council

　　它依旧是联合国安理会常任理事国之一。

　　Its nuclear arsenal (in Cold War times one of five countries, but now one of nine) has been progressively modernised.

　　它的核武库（冷战时期五个国家中的一个，现为九个中的一个）已逐步现代化。

　　Sustained increases in defence spending have brought it close to its goal of escalation dominance in local and regional war.

　　国防开支的持续增加使它接近当地和地区战争的大国统治的目标。

　　But the economic base for these capabilities is steadily declining.

　　但支撑其大国地位的经济基础正逐步下滑。

　　Russia’s economy is the 10th largest in the world, producing little of value beyond hydrocarbons.

　　俄罗斯为世界上第十大经济体，除了天然气（碳氢化合物），经济贡献甚微。

　　Corruption and rent-seeking extract an enormous economic toll.

　　腐败和寻租行为使经济蒙受巨大损失。

　　It remains burdened with Soviet era infrastructure, and its ability to meet the educational and medical needs of its population is rapidly declining.

　　它依然沿用着苏联时代的基础设施，并且满足国民教育、医疗的需求的能力正急速下滑。

　　Whatever one’s view, two further points for and against Russia’s global standing are undeniable:

　　不管个人观点如何，不可否认的是，现在存在着支持和反对俄罗斯全球定位的两种观点：

　　Russia regards itself as a great power - it is not in question anywhere inside the country.

　　俄罗斯把自己看作超级大国 -- 这在国内是毋庸置疑的。

　　China has long since eclipsed Russia as the world’s number two power behind the US.

　　中国早已超越了俄罗斯成为紧随美国之后的世界第二大强国。

　　Yet for all Russia’s pretence about a rebalancing of priorities towards Asia, since the fallout over Ukraine, it still measures itself against the West, and America in particular.

　　尽管俄罗斯假装把再平衡的重点转向亚洲，但是从其对乌克兰的做法可以看出，它仍然在权衡自己的力量以对抗西方，尤其是美国。

　　Distinct Eurasian niche

　　不同的欧亚定位

　　Regardless of hypothetical rankings or real-world measurements, Russia has carved out a niche for itself as a distinct Eurasian pole in world politics, allied to neither Europe nor Asia but seeking influence there and beyond.

　　不管是假想的排名，抑或是实际的评估，俄罗斯已确立其在世界政治界作为不同欧亚标杆的定位，既不与欧洲结盟，也不与亚洲联合，而是寻求其在国内外的影响力。

　　Its membership of the Brics (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) group of rising powers suggests an acknowledgement that Russia has not quite arrived (there is no contradiction for Russia between this and pre-existing great power status) but also that is it is civilisationally distinct from Europe.

　　俄罗斯是以正在崛起的大国为主的金砖四国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非）成员，这一事实表明它还未能到达世界强国的行列，而且俄罗斯与欧洲的文化差异也较大。

　　Certainly, there is no current desire to be part of most prominent Western-led organisations such as the European Union.

　　当然，其当前并无意愿成为如欧盟这样的最为知名的西方主导型组织的成员。

　　Indeed, Russia has striven to come up with its own alternatives over the years, the latest of which, a Eurasian Union, is designed precisely as a counterweight but free of the burden of Western norms and values.

　　事实上，近年来俄罗斯正努力寻找符合其自身发展的机会，最新的便是欧亚联盟，它被精心地设计成免受西方标准和价值观负累的一种平衡力。

　　Whether it will have a longer life than its antecedents, considering Russia’s failing economic fortunes and other countries’ evident reluctance to be joined too closely, remains to be seen.

　　考虑到俄罗斯经济财富下滑以及别国明显地不愿靠之过近的情况，它是否会比其前身有更长的生命力，尚待分晓。

　　Russia’s mission beyond the quest for influence is hard to discern.

　　除追求影响力之外，俄罗斯的使命难以洞悉。

　　It is the world’s most ostentatious foe of democracy promotion.

　　它是世界上开展民主促进运动最为招摇的敌人。

　　But its foreign aid is minimal (especially beyond the other former Soviet states - where its purpose is often regarded as a double-edged sword), and its contribution to UN-led peacekeeping has withered since the 1990s.

　　但其对外援助微乎其微（特别是其他前苏联国家，其目的常被认为是一把双刃剑），同时，自二十世纪九十年代以来它对联合国所引导的维和运动所作贡献大打折扣了。

　　Until the recent campaign in Syria, Russia had talked of itself as a global power, but behaved like a regional power.

　　直到最近的叙利亚抗议运动，俄罗斯才以一个全球强国的口吻发表看法，但其表现更像是一个地区强国。

　　Russia’s greatest challenge is to preserve its global importance while most of the relevant indicators are dropping and its allies are few and far between (dictators, largely).

　　正值相关指标下滑之际，加之同盟国数量锐减且相距甚远（主要为独裁者），俄罗斯最大的挑战是保存其在全球的重要地位。

　　For some, Russia’s natural and historical pre-eminence mean it will always be a key player.

　　对于一些人而言，俄罗斯在自然和历史方面的杰出成就使它始终是个核心参与者。

　　Others fear Russia may compensate for weakness with risky foreign adventurism.

　　其他国家则担心俄罗斯会为了补偿国内经济疲软而采用冒险的国外政策。

　　Indeed, for many, it is already doing just that.

　　的确是这样，对很多人来说，它已经这样做了。

　　来源:BBC

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